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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Economic history of China (1912–49) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Economic history of China (1912–49) After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, China underwent a period of instability and disrupted economic activity. During the Nanjing decade (1927–1937), China advanced in a number of industrial sectors, in particular those related to the military, in an effort to catch up with the west and prepare for war with Japan. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and the following Chinese civil war caused the collapse of the Republic of China and formation of the People's Republic of China.〔Sun Jian, page 616-618〕 The Republican era was a period of turmoil. From 1913 to 1927, China disintegrated into regional warlords, fighting for authority and causing misery and disrupting growth. After 1927, Chiang Kai-shek managed to reunify China. The Nanjing decade was a period of relative prosperity despite civil war and Japanese aggression. The government began to stabilize tax collection, establish a national budget, sponsor the construction of infrastructure such as communications and railroads, and draw up ambitious national plans, some of which were implemented after 1949. In 1937, the Japanese invaded and laid China to waste in eight years of war. The era also saw boycott of Japanese products. After 1945, the Chinese civil war further devastated China and led to the withdrawal of the Nationalist government to Taiwan in 1949. Yet the economist Gregory Chow summarizes recent scholarship when he concludes that "in spite of political instability, economic activities carried on and economic development took place between 1911 and 1937," and "in short, modernization was taking place." Up until 1937, he continues, China had a market economy which was "performing well," which explains why China was capable of returning to a market economy after economic reform started in 1978.〔Gregory C. Chow, ''China's Economic Transformation'' (2nd ed. 2007) (excerpt and text search ) pp. 20-21.〕 ==Civil war, famine and turmoil in the early republic== The early republic was marked by frequent wars and factional struggles. Following the presidency of Yuan Shikai to 1927, famine, war and change of government was the norm in Chinese politics, with provinces periodically declaring "independence". The collapse of central authority caused the economic contraction that was in place since Qing to speed up, and was only reversed when Chiang reunified China in 1927 and proclaimed himself its leader.〔Sun Jian, pages 613-614〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economic history of China (1912–49)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.